Life in Kosovo debates local governance
Life in Kosovo broadcast a debate about the future of local governance for the next four years, following the elections in November.
Read more
Every Thursday starting from 20:30, Radio Television Kosovo, RTK, broadcasts the TV debate show "Life in Kosovo", a joint production of BIRN and RTK.
Read more
INVESTIGATION: Romanian Police Blamed for Kosovo Protest Carnage
23 February 2007 International
police accused of using excessive force during riots.
By Jeta Xharra and Krenar Gashi in Pristina and Marian Chiriac in Bucharest (Balkan
Insight, 23 Feb 07)
UN police from Romania
might have overstepped their rules of engagement during the bloody violence
that followed the controversial rally in Pristina on February 10, which
resulted in two deaths and injuries to 80 people, a Balkan Insight
investigation can reveal.
The probe, based on exclusive access to film footage of the rally
and interviews with officers of the Kosovo Police Service, KPS, as well as
protesters, suggests UN police fired rounds of rubber bullets at the rally at
close range, sometimes aiming at protesters’ heads.
Experts
and human rights organisations say that such action - which has already caused
turmoil in UNMIK, with the resignation of UNMIK police commissioner- is highly
improper and against UN regulations on police conduct.
In
addition, Balkan Insight can reveal that Romanian police have a bad record of
using force against civilians.
The protest saw the most serious outbreak of unrest in Kosovo
since nationalist riots in March 2004 led to the deaths of 19 people and left
thousands of Serbs homeless.
About 3,000 people joined the rally on February 10, held to protest against the UN proposal for Kosovo’s final
status.
Protesters said it offered too many concessions to Kosovo’s
Serbian minority and the government in Belgrade.
Serbia
strongly opposes independence for Kosovo, claiming it as an integral part of
its own territory.
Police
used tear gas and rubber bullets when the protesters tried to break through
police lines. Film footage showed the protestors
throwing stones and other heavy objects towards the police, including wooden
placards.
The nationalist Vetevendosje (self-determination) movement, which
held the protest, has, meanwhile, announced a new rally for March 3, raising
fears of a fresh confrontation between hard-line supporters of independence and
the authorities.
Vetevendosje’s charismatic former student leader, Albin Kurti, was
arrested after the protest and is in detention.
A forensic commission of three international experts and one local
expert, Arsim Gerxhaliu, confirmed that the autopsy performed on the two
victims of the protest, Arben Xheladini, 35, and Man Balaj, 30, showed the two
men died from head wounds inflicted by rubber bullets.
According to the human rights body Amnesty International, rubber
bullets are known to be potentially lethal and should be treated for practical
purposes as firearms.
Rubber bullets “should be used only by trained firearms officers
and then strictly in accordance with the UN Basic Principles on the Use of
Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officers,” Amnesty said on February 15.
UN regulation states that “law enforcement officials shall not use
firearms against persons except in self-defence or defence of others against
the imminent threat of death or serious injury”.
Balkan Insight journalists who covered the rally witnessed how UN
police continued to fire while advancing towards the protesters, even when it
was apparent the crowd of some 3,000 people was retreating.
After viewing about five hours of film, Balkan Insight journalists
have seen six instances in which Romanian officers can be seen firing rubber
bullets directly into the crowd.
Many have described the Romanian action as uncalled for. When the
footage was re-broadcast in slow motion on Kosovo television, RTK, on February
16, Nuredin Ibishi, an expert on police matters and a former member of the
special police in Yugoslavia,
said it was clear the Romanians over-reacted and fired at close range.
“These weapons need to be fired at the extremities and towards the
lower part of people’s bodies and not straight at them, as we see in the film.
If used at a distance of [only] 20 to 50 metres and if they shoot towards the
area of the people’s heads, there are no doubt these weapons can kill,” said
Ibishi.
“At that time, the protestors were running away from the police
and the police was not under any kind of danger,” he added.
Nevertheless, Steven Schook, deputy to the UN Special
Representative in Kosovo, agreed the UNMIK police fired rubber bullets in an improper
manner.
“People don’t die from the proper use of rubber bullets, that’s
for sure,” Schook told Balkan Insight on February 15.
The consequences of the protest have caused a serious debate in
Kosovo and within UNMIK over responsibility for what to many seemed excessive
police force.
The debate forced the resignations last week of the Interior
Minister Fatmir Rexhepi, who quit the day after the rally. Steven Curtis, chief
commissioner of the UNMIK police, resigned on February 14 while the UN formed a
special commission to investigate the matter.
Schook is convinced that investigation on the protest will be
successful. “We have taken the investigation out of the hands of the police
[and put it] into the hands of department of justice and have engaged the most
aggressive and best prosecutor we have, Bob Dean, to look into this
investigation thoroughly,” he said.
Schook stressed that the investigation would be in the hands of UN
officers of other nationalities than the ones who took part in the rally. This
means Ukrainians, Romanians and Poles would not be involved.
There are 115 members of the Romanian Gendarmerie serving in
Kosovo, tasked mainly with riot control. As Gendarmerie spokesman Bogdan
Nicolae put it, they are there “to maintain order during public
manifestations”.
Bogdan Nicolae insisted the Romanian police would cooperate fully
with the probe. They had received “no clear evidence yet that their unit in
Kosovo used rubber bullets during their mission in Pristina but, if so, we are
sure the police did their job in accordance with legal procedures”.
Nicolae admitted that Romania’s domestic rules concerning
the use of rubber bullets did not currently apply to its police serving in
international missions such as in Kosovo.
In Kosovo, he explained, Romanian officers operated “in
accordance… with rules specially designed for war-torn zones. So, in such
theatre of operations as in Kosovo, we comply to these rules and not to local
ones”.
Schook said, “I consider Kosovo a very late post-conflict
environment - ready for the next step, its status resolution and ready for
UNMIK to leave and have a new much smaller EU mission instead. That is where I
believe we are now.”
But
Romanian anti-riot police forces are criticised in their home country as well.
Human rights groups in Romania
noted that they have drawn attention before to the tactics of the country’s
police.
Istvan Haller, of the organisation Pro Europa League, LPE, said it
had extensively documented a case last September in which police wounded 30
Roma during a raid on a Roma neighbourhood in Apalina, central Transylvania.
“One person had 17 rubber bullets in his back, which shows the
extent of the force used during the police raid,” Haller told Balkan Insight.
LPE and the Romanian branch of the Helsinki Committee have both
criticised alleged excessive use of force by the Romanian police in reports.
A report of the Romanian Helsinki Committee, APADOR-CH, has
described it as a reflection of “police lack of respect towards the fundamental
right to life on the one hand and insufficient professional training on the
other”.
Members
of the KPS told Balkan Insight of the police failures that led to the deaths
and injuries of February 10.
One criticised poor levels of planning before the protest began.
“When the police commissioner asked in advance which units possessed anti-riot
gear, the Polish, Rumanian and Ukrainian units came out as the ones with the
equipment,” he said. “Not much attention was paid towards when and how the
rubber bullets were going to be used.”
Kosovo’s mainly Albanian local police force is lightly armed. The
KPS possesses tear-gas and batons but has no access to rubber bullets.
Other KPS officers said former police chief Curtis made a mistake
in trying to keep local officers out of the loop.
“While the previous police commissioner used to let us make the
first draft when it came to dealing with protests, Curtis kept us outside the
planning room,” said one officer.
Another KPS officer present at the protest blamed the KPS for
failing to assume leadership and for being comfortable with its lack of
responsibility.
“It is true we were kept out of the planning of this operation but
the KPS at no point protested against this,” he said. “KPS prefer not having to
take responsibility for serious or sensitive actions.”
Other KPS officers complained to Balkan Insight that they were not
supplied with gas masks for the rally, which left them at a disadvantage.
“We only had a certain number of gas masks and not everybody was
equipped with them, so when the clashes started we were trying to cover our
eyes because the tear gas affected us, too,” said one officer.
“Not equipping our own ranks with gas masks when we knew we were
likely to use tear gas was another sign of bad planning and of the lack of
coordination between local and international police units,” said a more senior
KPS officer.
Some local police admitted they were reluctant to get involved in
heavy-duty policing of fellow Albanians. “We are there to keep order but
beating up protestors reminds people of images of the Serbian police in the
1980s and 1990s,” said one officer.
“This history means we were more tolerant than we should have
been, which meant it was left to others to do that (disperse the crowd) and
only international officers had the means,” said another KPS officer.
“We
had to react because protesters were trying to break through our cordon and get
to the government’s buildings.”
Ibishi said the police could have tried other means to break up
the crowd, such as water cannons. However, Veton Elshani, KPS spokesperson,
said neither KPS nor UNMIK police had any.
Both the KPS and UNMIK say they have learned from the experience
and even before the report of the investigation is publicised have taken
measures to ensure the events of February 10 do not happen again.
“UNMIK has taken an untypical, unprecedented decision in asking
its chief police commissioner to resign, which did not happen even after March
[2004] riots and shows how seriously we are taking this matter,” said Schook.
Some want more than individual resignations; they want UN officers
to be stripped of immunity from prosecution in Kosovo’s local courts.
Sarah Maliqi, of the Youth Initiative for Human Rights, said, “The
concern remains that as in previous cases when international police officers
did something wrong, the worse that can happen to them is being sent home.”
A February 15 statement from Amnesty International, also asks for
international officers in UNMIK to be stripped of their immunity.
“Any UNMIK police officers suspected of unlawful conduct should be
immediately suspended; they should not be repatriated but should remain in
Kosovo until the inquiry establishes whether there are grounds for a criminal
prosecution,” said the human rights body.
Jeta Xharra is BIRN Kosovo Director. Marian Chiriac is Romania
Country Director. Krenar Gashi is BIRN Kosovo Editor. Balkan Insight is BIRN’s
online publication.
Report on Kosovo`s Healthcare System
Monitoring report on all primary, secondary and tertiary (University Clinical Center of Kosovo, UCCK) healthcare institutions in Pristina, Prizren, Peja, Mitrovica, Gjilan, Ferizaj, Gjakova, Klina, Decan, Istog and Vushtrri.
BIRN Report on Monitoring the Education System
Report on monitoring the elementary and high schools in Prishtina: Mitrovica, Ferizaj, Peja and Gjilan
Analytical report of the situation and the problems in the University of Prishtina
REPORT: Monitoring the Courts
Monitoring the work and administration of courts in Prishtina, Peja, Mitrovica, Gjilan, Ferizaj, Vushtrri and Skenderaj
Read more
Download PDF
Buy DVD
Click here to buy a copy of 'Does Anyone Have a Plan?,' BIRN's feature-length documentary on Kosovo's final status.
"Life in Kosovo" debates also available on DVDs now!
Read more
Post Your Comments
Write your comment on BIRN debates and other activities.With the new web-site BIRN looks forward to receive direct opinions from our readers via comment section.
Read more
Balkan Investigative Reporting Network
The opinions expressed in Balkan Insight are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network.
Comments:
No comments have been posted.